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The Talmud (Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד talmūd "instruction,
learning", from a root lmd "teach, study") is a
central text of mainstream Judaism, in the form of a
record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish
law, ethics, philosophy, customs and history.
The Talmud has two components: the Mishnah (c. 200
CE), the first written compendium of Judaism's Oral
Law; and the Gemara (c. 500 CE), a discussion of the
Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often
ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on
the Tanakh.
The terms Talmud and Gemara are
often used interchangeably. The Gemara is the basis
for all codes of rabbinic law and is much quoted in
other rabbinic literature. The whole Talmud is also
traditionally referred to as Shas (ש"ס), a Hebrew
abbreviation of shisha sedarim, the "six orders" of
the Mishnah. |
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